Foucault: What does he have in common with Gramsci



"Foucault can be an inspiring figure for our own projects" (Alain de Botton) - well i hope so...
 I will get on their differences soon enough but do they have anything to agree on ?




" Foucault rejected hermeneutics, the attempt to find the meaning of a text within its deep structure, and demonstrated that writing, reading, interpreting are historically determined modes of intellectual practice that exercise power through the oppression or exclusion of other forms of knowledge and knowing from below. In this respect it is clear that Foucault’s analysis fits into the framework of a Gramscian analysis of civil society. For Gramsci, the analysis of civil society is one aspect of the integral state (i.e., political society + civil society) includes the analysis of the intellectuals, the role of theories as organizing practices of collective shared convictions and beliefs. A world view is elaborated and exists in concrete forms like newspapers and journals, publishing houses and bookshops, schools and universities, think tanks and business schools, films and styles of music, churches and sports." 
Foucault, Gramsci and Critical Theory – Remarks on their Relationship Alex Demirović (Technical University, Berlin) 







Links between the Frankfurt school, Gramsci  and Foucault:
I think they would both agree that there is an awful lot of power around. Foucault thought it was everywhere with everyone negotiating it all the time. Gramsci and Adorno, Horkheimer etc saw it as a state, structured form of class oppression that was to be battled against.

Some notes I found on an interesting blog are below:

 05th May 1999 by Sebastian Gurciullo
The utopian hope for reconciliation is therefore as much an
illusion as the belief that there is a global capitalist order that is
somehow responsible for the current state of things. Power is all-pervasive
and tends toward dominative formations but because it does not form a
consistent whole, because it is itself a conflict of relations, it is seen
as basically anarchic, congealing in certain points but always prone to
fluctuations and displacements, especially when challenged. The best that
can be done is small-scale resistance actions that take up the anarchic flux
of power and channel it for a brief moment in some "critical" or disruptive
direction, before this deployment itself begins to congeal into a dominative
formation. Towards the end of his life Foucault partially sublates his
analysis of power into an aesthetics of existence, lived in his case as a
critical ethos which aims to preserve the best impulse of the Enlightenment
- permanent critique as a way of life


So in summary  Foucault is pointing us in the direction of self introspection rather than looking at the power structures that are somehow created by an invisible force at the top of society. Its is better, in Foucault's eyes to find something which is more local to you and fight this battle rather than trying to collaborate on a larger scale. Foucault would probably say that any fights against powerful forces in society are wasted and they are inevitable force that will be changed inevitably when smaller groups of individuals change their approaches and adopt new forms. 

MrSloan

I'm currently a Media Studies, Film Studies and English teacher teaching in a comprehensive school and sixth form in East London, UK. This blog is the work behind the first project of my current MA in Creative Media Education that I am studying at the Centre for Excellence in Media Practice at the University of Bournemouth

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